Concrete carbonation research: a niche field with limited integration of urban, health, and sustainability perspectives
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Abstract
Introduction: concrete carbonation is one of the main degradation mechanisms in reinforced concrete structures, especially in urban environments. Although extensively studied, this phenomenon still lacks integrative approaches that consider health, sustainability, and urban planning perspectives. Objective: to analyze the state of the art on concrete carbonation, including its mechanisms, structural effects, associated environmental variables, and research gaps, through a bibliometric and systematic review of indexed scientific literature. Methodology: bibliographic review with a quantitative-bibliometric approach. The R software and Bibliometrix package were used to identify trends, leading authors, countries, keywords, and thematic gaps in scientific publications related to concrete carbonation. Results: most research focuses on the physicochemical aspects of the phenomenon, with limited integration of urban variables, local regulations, public health concerns, and sustainability. Opportunities for interdisciplinary research were identified. Conclusion: concrete carbonation remains an active research topic. However, its study in real urban contexts and its connection with public policies, structural design, and urban resilience remains insufficient, revealing a relevant niche for future studies. General Area of Study: Engineering. Specific area of study: Construction materials / Structural pathology. Type of study: Review article.
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Hidalgo Robalino, D. H. (2026). Concrete carbonation research: a niche field with limited integration of urban, health, and sustainability perspectives. ConcienciaDigital, 9(2), 151 - 176. https://doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v9i2.3679
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Ghanooni-Bagha, M., YekeFallah, M. R., & Shayanfar, M. A. (2020). Durability of RC structures against carbonation-induced corrosion under the impact of climate change. Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering, 24(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0793-8
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Ichikawa, T., Haga, K., & Yamada, K. (2024). Extraction of carbonation rate from depth profile of concrete carbonation by using pseudo-analytical solution of two-component reaction-diffusion equation. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 22(3), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.22.139
Ji, Y., Yuan, Y., Shen, J., Ma, Y., & Lai, S. (2010). Comparison of concrete carbonation process under natural condition and high CO2 concentration environments. Journal Wuhan University of Technology Materials Science Edition, 25(3), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-030-0034-y
Kaewunruen, S., Wu, L., Goto, K., & Najih, Y. M. (2018). Vulnerability of structural concrete to extreme climate variances. Climate, 6(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6020040
Kashef-Haghighi, S., & Ghoshal, S. (2009). CO2Sequestration in concrete through accelerated carbonation curing in a flow-through reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 49(3), 1143–1149. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie900703d
Ke, Y., Fang, Y., Guo, Y., Zhu, S., Zhang, S., & Zhang, X. (2020). Development of novel polycarboxylate superplasticizer and its influence on carbonation performance of concrete. 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Electromechanical Automation (AIEA). https://doi.org/10.1109/AIEA51086.2020.00156
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Li, G., Yuan, Y. S., Liu, X., Du, J. M., & Li, F. M. (2011). Influences of environment climate conditions on concrete carbonation rate. Advanced Materials Research, 194–196. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.904
Li, Y., & Su, Y.-Q. (2021). Gas permeability and meso-structure of fiber reinforced concrete under carbonation based on different pore sizes. Journal of Jilin University Engineering and Technology Edition, 51(4), 1287–1295. https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=lj-1FT9NYjBiy57aL_MOh0gzNYe9xLhhKEftmZg6e6sfZ3krYHOtgHNMdZpk6wtolZpMcTvsmMgYEsV9sADTDvICa8KtS8sYrALTIEFulFPvFqkLA28ZLyAZSJzKdcwpf-nongomEuImOQ1x-KBC7Xq3488vn7VC8A1TnVz8ElKyNRnO0aApk2tKfyWze0nv&uniplatform=OVERSEA&language=en
Lin, P., & Han, W. (2021). Durability software development of concrete bridge based on BIM Technology. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 38(3), 80–85. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355383155_Durability_Software_Development_of_Concrete_Bridge_Based_on_BIM_Technology
Liu, Z., Deng, D., de Schutter, G., & Yu, Z. (2012). "Salt weathering" distress on concrete by sulfates? In book: Advances in Crystallization Processes, 432-464. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300816475_Salt_Weathering_Distress_on_Concrete_by_Sulfates
Moir, G. K., & Kelham, S. (1997). Developments in the manufacture and use of Portland limestone cement. American Concrete Institute ACI Special Publication, SP-172, 797–819. https://trid.trb.org/View/476574
Moreno, E. I. (2010). Discussion of “sources of variations when comparing concrete carbonation results” by F. G. da Silva, P. Helene, P. Castro-Borges, and J. B. L. Liborio. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 22(7), 758. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000075
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