Characterization of breastfeeding from an intercultural perspective toward the empowerment of pregnant and lactating mothers in Chimborazo

Abstract

Introduction. Breastfeeding is vital for the comprehensive health of both the newborn and the mother. Despite its well-known benefits, implementation faces challenges in intercultural settings, where social, ethnic, and cultural factors play a significant role. In regions such as Chimborazo, Ecuador, a disconnect persists between the formal healthcare system and Indigenous ancestral knowledge, limiting the effectiveness of promotion strategies. Adopting an intercultural approach in maternal and child healthcare is crucial to respecting traditional practices, improving exclusive breastfeeding indicators, and empowering mothers within their cultural contexts. Objective. To identify the characterization of breastfeeding from an intercultural perspective aimed at empowering pregnant and nursing mothers in the province of Chimborazo. Methodology. The study employed an observational, descriptive, and non-experimental methodology based on a documentary review. It focused on characterizing breastfeeding from an intercultural perspective, exploring perceptions, beliefs, traditions, knowledge, attitudes, and practices among pregnant and breastfeeding women from various ethnic groups in Chimborazo. The study also identified health education processes and culturally appropriate interventions aimed at promoting women's empowerment in breastfeeding. Scientific literature was reviewed using national and international health databases and indexed medical journals. Inclusion criteria considered publications from 2020 onward, with no language restrictions; documents with restricted access or irrelevant data were excluded. Out of an initial 73 results, 45 were selected after applying the criteria, and finally, 22 high-quality and thematically relevant articles were analyzed based on their SJR index. Results. The intercultural approach to breastfeeding helped identify beliefs, traditions, knowledge, and attitudes among diverse ethnic groups in Chimborazo. Additionally, health education processes and culturally adapted interventions were observed to promote maternal empowerment, increasing adherence to exclusive breastfeeding practices. Conclusion. Breastfeeding in intercultural contexts such as Chimborazo is deeply rooted in local cosmovision’s and traditions. These factors influence acceptance of practices, understanding of myths, and openness to dialogue with the healthcare system. Incorporating a respectful and inclusive approach is key to developing effective community programs, building maternal support networks, and coordinating efforts with local leaders. Only through the active and conscious participation of mothers can we move toward a truly equitable healthcare model that recognizes cultural diversity as a resource for the holistic development of both mother and child. This approach also enhances the delivery of relevant health education to women affected by sociocultural, linguistic, and structural barriers. General Area of Study: Nursing. Specific area of study: Public health. Type of study: Original article.