Clinical management of patients with oral exostoses presenting prosthetic needs: a review of the literature
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Published:
Jul 28, 2025
Keywords:
Pre-prosthetic surgery; bony outgrowths; exostosis; clinical management; preoperative complications.
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction. Bone exostosis is a benign, multifactorial lesion that appears in various locations, sizes, and shapes. Despite being harmless, it may be a problem for patients with prosthetic needs. Objective. Analyze treatment options for patients with osseous exostoses requiring prosthetic care. Determine surgical considerations for managing maxillary or mandibular exostoses in prosthetic rehabilitation. Evaluate factors influencing the choice of prosthetic treatment in patients with exostoses. Methodology. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane to find relevant studies addressing prosthetic complications of OE. Results. A total of 34 articles were reviewed, offering alternatives to improve the quality of life in patients with prosthetic needs. Conclusion. Treatment should be individualized according to each patient’s clinical condition and specific needs. General Area of Study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Oral Surgery, Prosthodontics. Type of study: Bibliography Review.
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How to Cite
Villacís Rodríguez, M. S., Trelles Sarmiento, C. G., & Calderón Calle, M. E. (2025). Clinical management of patients with oral exostoses presenting prosthetic needs: a review of the literature. Anatomía Digital, 8(3.1), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.33262/anatomiadigital.v8i3.1.3455
Section
Articulos de revisión bibliográfica
References
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17. Roccuzzo A, Imber JC, Bosshardt D, Salvi GE, Sculean A. Development of bone exostosis following the use of a free gingival graft: a 30-year case report and literature review. The International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry [Online]. 2021[cited 2025 May 15]; 41(4): 539-545. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34328472/
18. Bacali C, Negucioiu M, Craciun A, Duncea I, Constantini M. The palatal torus. A variable in the treatment with complete denture. International Journal of Medical Dentistry [Online]. 2024 [cited 2025 May 15]; 28(1). Available from: https://ijmd.ro/2024-2/2024/the-palatal-torus-a-variable-in-the-treatment-with-complete-denture/
19. Bouchet J, Hervé G, Lescaille G, Descroix V, Guyon A. Palatal torus: etiology, clinical aspect, and therapeutic strategy. Journal of Oral Medicine Oral Surgery [Online]. 2019 [cited 2025 May 15]; 25(18):1-5. Available from: https://www.jomos.org/articles/mbcb/pdf/2019/02/mbcb180031.pdf
20. Choudhari S, Rakshagan V, Jain AR. Evolution in preprosthetic surgery current trends: a review. Drug Invention Today [Online]. 2018 [cited 2025 May 15]; 10(7): 2010-2016. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327686464_Evolution_in_preprosthetic_surgery_current_trends_A_review
21. Borycki B, Ksiezopolski J, Chrusciel B, Frank S, Plakwicz P, Wojtowicz A, Kukula K. Exostoses of jaw bones: an etiology, morphology, and treatment of bony outgrowths – review of literature. Oficial Journal of The Polish Dental Association [Online]. 2018[cited 2025 May 15]; 71(2):184-193. Available from: https://www.termedia.pl/Exostoses-of-jaw-bones-aetiology-morphology-and-treatment-of-bony-outgrowths-review-of-literature,137,34396,0,1.html
22. Antoniades D, Belazi M, Papanayiotou P. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology [Online]. 1998 [cited 2025 May 15]; 85(5): 552-557. Available from: https://www.oooojournal.net/article/S1079-2104(98)90290-6/abstracthttps://www.oooojournal.net/article/S1079-2104(98)90290-6/abstract
2. Lease LR. Correlations between dental wear and oral cavity characteristics: Mandibular torus, palatine torus, and oral exostoses. American Journal of Human Biology [Online]. 2020[cited 2025 May 15];33(2): e23446. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23446
3. Rozas-Pérez E, Bravo C, Rozas-Muñoz E. Torus palatinus. Actas Dermo-sifiliográficas [Internet]. 2019 [citado 15 mayo 2025];110(1): e6. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0001731018302448?via%3Dihub
4. Kün-Darbois JD, Guillaume B, Chappard D. Asymmetric bone remodeling in mandibular and maxillary tori. Clinical Oral Investigations [Online]. 2017 [cited 2025 May 15]; 21(9):2781-2788. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2080-8
5. Smitha K, Smitha GP. Alveolar exostosis – revisited: a narrative review of the literature. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research [Online]. 2015 [cited 2025 May 24];6(1):67–72. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352003514000021
6. Manosudprasit A, Chantadilok W, Manosudprasit M. Management of alveolar bone exostosis after orthodontic treatment. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics [Online]. 2021 [cited 2025 May 15]; 55(4):401-413. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34133333/
7. Haripriya C, Khadar VS. Preprosthetic Surgery: review of Literature. IJSS Case Reports & Reviews [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 May 15]; 3(4):9-16. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314081988_Preprosthetic_Surgery_Review_of_Literature
8. Pynn BR, Kurys-Kos NS, Walker DA, Mayhall JT. Tori mandibularis: a case report and review of the literature. Journal Canadian Dental Association [Online]. 1995 [cited 2025 May 15]; 61(12):1057-1063. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8536198
9. Rodríguez L, Santos M, Medina A. Torus y Exostòsis óseas. Revisión de la literatura. Acta Odontológica Venezolana [Internet]. 1999 [citado 15 mayo 2025];37(2). Disponible en: https://www.actaodontologica.com/ediciones/1999/2/art-12
10. Limongelli L, Tempesta A, Capodiferro S, Maiorano E, Favia G. Oral maxillary exostosis. Clinical Case Reports [Online]. 2019 [cited 2025 May 15]; 7(1):222–223. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1918
11. López-Flores AI, Valdivia-Maibach RR. Optimización de la retención de una prótesis total superior a través de un atache magnético colocado en una exostosis palatina. Revista Científica Odontológica [Internet]. 2014 [citado 15 mayo 2025]; 2(1):200-205. Disponible en: https://web.archive.org/web/20180427125407id_/http://revistas.cientifica.edu.pe/index.php/odontologica/article/viewFile/85/115
12. García-García AS, Martínez-Gonzáles JM, Gómez-Font R, Soto-Rivadeneira A, Oviedo-Roldán L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal [Online]. 2010 [cited 2025 May 15]; 15(2): e353-e360. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19767716/
13. Kang T, Kong Y, Chen X, Huang S, Shao J. Variability of exostoses on human jaws during the past six millennia in Northern China. International Journal of Morphology [Online]. 2021 [cited 2025 May 15]; 39(5):1311-1315. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022021000501311
14. Alqahtani HM. Bony Exostosis development in a patient following free gingival graft and orthodontic treatment: a case report. Cureus [Online]. 2023 [cited 2025 May 15]; 15(12): e50500. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38222237/
15. Pozzetti E, Garibaldi J, Cassinotto E, Figliomeno E, Merlini A. Piezosurgery removal of mandibular Tori: a case series. Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports [Online]. 2023 [cited 2025 May 15]; 7(3):290. Available from: https://fortuneonline.org/articles/piezosurgery-removal-of-mandibular-tori-a-case-series.pdf
16. Bukhari MA, Muteb AM, Awani FA, Alsahli MM, Tashkandi MM, Telmisani DA, et al. Clinical patterns, causes, and treatment of torus palatinus. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health [Online]. 2021 [cited 2025 May 15]; 9(1):523-527. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357383496_Clinical_patterns_causes_and_treatment_of_torus_palatinus
17. Roccuzzo A, Imber JC, Bosshardt D, Salvi GE, Sculean A. Development of bone exostosis following the use of a free gingival graft: a 30-year case report and literature review. The International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry [Online]. 2021[cited 2025 May 15]; 41(4): 539-545. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34328472/
18. Bacali C, Negucioiu M, Craciun A, Duncea I, Constantini M. The palatal torus. A variable in the treatment with complete denture. International Journal of Medical Dentistry [Online]. 2024 [cited 2025 May 15]; 28(1). Available from: https://ijmd.ro/2024-2/2024/the-palatal-torus-a-variable-in-the-treatment-with-complete-denture/
19. Bouchet J, Hervé G, Lescaille G, Descroix V, Guyon A. Palatal torus: etiology, clinical aspect, and therapeutic strategy. Journal of Oral Medicine Oral Surgery [Online]. 2019 [cited 2025 May 15]; 25(18):1-5. Available from: https://www.jomos.org/articles/mbcb/pdf/2019/02/mbcb180031.pdf
20. Choudhari S, Rakshagan V, Jain AR. Evolution in preprosthetic surgery current trends: a review. Drug Invention Today [Online]. 2018 [cited 2025 May 15]; 10(7): 2010-2016. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327686464_Evolution_in_preprosthetic_surgery_current_trends_A_review
21. Borycki B, Ksiezopolski J, Chrusciel B, Frank S, Plakwicz P, Wojtowicz A, Kukula K. Exostoses of jaw bones: an etiology, morphology, and treatment of bony outgrowths – review of literature. Oficial Journal of The Polish Dental Association [Online]. 2018[cited 2025 May 15]; 71(2):184-193. Available from: https://www.termedia.pl/Exostoses-of-jaw-bones-aetiology-morphology-and-treatment-of-bony-outgrowths-review-of-literature,137,34396,0,1.html
22. Antoniades D, Belazi M, Papanayiotou P. Concurrence of torus palatinus with palatal and buccal exostoses. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology [Online]. 1998 [cited 2025 May 15]; 85(5): 552-557. Available from: https://www.oooojournal.net/article/S1079-2104(98)90290-6/abstracthttps://www.oooojournal.net/article/S1079-2104(98)90290-6/abstract