Therapeutics of genu valgum according to pediatric age: bibliographic review

Abstract

Introduction: Genu valgum is a common orthopedic disorder in children that can affect their mobility and quality of life if not accurately diagnosed and treated. In Latin America, the lack of unified criteria and organized information makes its management difficult, especially in Ecuador, where there is no updated review of age-specific treatments. Given the growing concern about children's musculoskeletal health and the inequality in access to specialized care, it is essential to compile and analyze the available evidence to optimize diagnosis and treatment, improve clinical practice and patients' quality of life, and avoid unnecessary interventions. Objective: To analyze the scientific information available on the treatments used for genu valgum in the pediatric population, evaluating their efficacy according to the different ages, in research conducted in the last five years. Method: A theoretical review was conducted through the PICOT strategy: using DeCS/MeSH terms in relevant health databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Springer Link. Specific search strategies will be applied using keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms to identify relevant primary studies such as “Genu valgum,” “Child,” “Treatment” accompanied by Boolean operators such as ‘AND’ and “OR.” Results: Its origins can be congenital, nutritional, biomechanical or postural. To evaluate it, measurements such as the thiofemoral angle, intermalleolar and intercondylar distances, and radiographs are used. Treatment varies from physiotherapy and corrective exercises to surgery in severe cases. The benefits of early therapeutic programs to improve posture and function are also highlighted. Furthermore, the psychosocial impact of genu valgum is highlighted, affecting the self-esteem and social interaction of the child or adolescent. Conclusions: genu valgum represents more than a physical alteration; it is an indication of the organism that suggests the need for clinical, preventive, and empathic intervention. This analysis helps to deepen the understanding of the situation and paves the way for new therapeutic options, adapted and focused on the well-being of the child being in continuous evolution. General Area of Study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Pediatric Traumatology and Orthopedics. Type of study: Bibliographic review.