Effects of physical exercise in women with gestational diabetes

Abstract

Introduction. Physical activity has been shown to be an effective strategy for the non-pharmacological management of gestational diabetes, contributing to glycemic control, reducing maternal-fetal complications, and improving quality of life. Therefore, it is important to compile and analyze current scientific evidence demonstrating the benefits of physical exercise in women diagnosed with this condition, thus promoting its therapeutic use by physical therapists as an integral part of treatment during pregnancy. Objective. To synthesize the available scientific evidence on the effects of physical exercise in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, considering its impact on glycemic control and its role as a therapeutic strategy. Methodology. A systematic review that followed the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration. Results. Structured and supervised exercise consistently improves glycemic control in GDM. Additionally, resistance exercise may have a slight advantage in postprandial glycemia. Professional supervision enhances the metabolic and psychosocial benefits of exercise-based interventions, improving quality of life. Conclusion. Aerobic and resistance exercise improve fasting and postprandial glycemia, with the latter being more sensitive to resistance training. However, unsupervised activities, such as postprandial walking without personalization, can be ineffective or counterproductive. Professional supervision ensures an adequate therapeutic dose and optimizes metabolic effects. General Area of Study: Health Sciences. Specific area of study: Physiotherapy. Type of study: Systematic bibliographic review.