Evaluation of alternative therapeutic methods for the control of metritis and endometritis in cows
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Abstract
Introduction. Metritis and endometritis in cows are considered a public health problem due to their high incidence and antimicrobial resistance, affecting both the loss of milk production and the decline in the percentage of pregnancies. This translates into economic losses that are detrimental to the purpose of dairy farming and cattle breeding. The most common treatments that have been applied are based on antibiotic therapy, but this article presents studies that provide viable alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment of metritis and endometritis in cows. We have described therapeutic alternatives such as: Nanotherapies, Phytotherapy, Hormonal Therapy, NSAIDs and Metabolic Therapy. With their respective comparative analyses in terms of feasibility, preventive actions, and application requirements. These alternative treatments may be the answer to the problem of antimicrobial resistance, improving animal health and welfare without neglecting economic performance in livestock systems. Objective. To evaluate alternative therapeutic methods for the control of endometris and metris in dairy cows. Methodology. Review and analysis of scientific literature, published in specialized journals and veterinary textbooks. Use of databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO and specific veterinary databases such as VetMed Resource. Search engines such as Google Scholar. Results: In the present bibliographic review, a set of alternative non-antibiotic therapeutic options that are effective and comparable with traditional antibiotic treatments can be appreciated. Their effectiveness ranges from 60% to 92% compared to 87% and 96% for antibiotics. Phytotherapeutic compounds, nanoparticles, metabolic therapies and anti-flammatory therapies stand out, valuing preventive treatments to reduce the incidence of metritis and endometritis. The results obtained give us understanding that these are viable options, despite the limitations in terms of the samples presented in the studies. Conclusion: In conclusion, these alternative treatments, such as phytotherapy, anti-inflammatory therapies, etc., have proven to be viable and promising therapeutic options due to their efficacy, availability and easy application, obtaining also additional beneficial results in preserving the uterine microbiota, improvement in milk production and reduction of pathologies after metritis and endometritis. Representing an effective response to antibiotic resistance, contributing to an improvement in the sustainability of bovine reproductive health. General Area of Study: Veterinary Medicine. Specific area of study: Gynecology. Type of study: Systematic bibliographic review
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