Anatomía Digital

Dental autotransplantation with i-PRF and apical sealing with Biodentine: a clinical case report with unfavorable evolution

2026-04-14T21:55:20+00:00

Introduction: dental autotransplantation is a conservative therapeutic alternative indicated when implants are contraindicated. Objective: The objective of this report was to describe a clinical case of autotransplantation with application of injected fibrin-rich plasma (i-PRF) and apical sealing with biodentine. Methodology: This clinical case report was used to conduct a descriptive study. Results: A 32-year-old patient was treated in whom the upper left third molar (2.8) was transplanted to the site of the first upper left molar (2.6). Despite the use of i-PRF and the sealing of the dental apex with biodentine, the procedure presented clinical failure. Conclusions: This outcome was associated with persistent gingival inflammation secondary to poor oral hygiene, which favored bacterial colonization of the gingival sulcus and compromised early periodontal reattachment. In addition, the behavior of endodontic sealant cement in a humid environment may have contributed to bacterial microfiltration and the persistence of the inflammatory process. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Endodontics. Type of article: Clinical case.

Comparison of apical microleakage in teeth obturated with AH Plus®, Vioseal®, and BioRoot RCS®, with and without gutta-percha cone(s): evaluation by root sectioning and optical microscopy

2026-04-14T21:56:16+00:00

Introduction: apical sealing is a determining factor for the success of endodontic treatment, as it prevents the leakage of fluids and microorganisms into the root canal system. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare apical microfiltration in filled teeth with the sealants AH Plus®, Vioseal® and BioRoot RCS®, with and without the use of gutta-percha cone(s), evaluation by root sections and light microscopy. Methodology: An in vitro experimental study was conducted using 30 human teeth extracted from uniradicular teeth, which were subjected to a standardized protocol of instrumentation and endodontic filling. The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n=5): AH Plus with gutta-percha, AH Plus without gutta-percha, Vioseal with gutta-percha, Vioseal without gutta-percha, BioRoot RCS with gutta-percha, and BioRoot RCS without gutta-percha. Subsequently, the teeth were subjected to a cutting process and evaluated by immersion in 2% methylene blue, recording the penetration of the dye at the apical level. Results: To determine whether the use of gutta-percha cone(s) influences apical microfiltration when different endodontic sealants are used. Conclusions: The apical sealing capacity was related to the intrinsic properties of the endodontic sealant. AH Plus® and Vioseal® showed less apical microfiltration, while BioRoot RCS® showed greater susceptibility to dye penetration and material resorption, with no evident influence of the use of gutta-percha cone(s). General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Endodontics. Type of article: In vitro experimental research.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of endodontic treatments: a case series

2026-05-18T18:01:31+00:00

Introduction: the success of endodontic treatment depends on multiple factors, such as disinfection of the root canal system, quality of the filling, and coronal rehabilitation, evaluated using clinical and radiographic criteria. However, anatomical, microbiological and procedural variables can influence prognosis, conditioning favorable or unfavorable results in endodontic therapy. Objectives: the objective of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the success and failure of endodontic treatments through a series of clinical cases. Methodology: a retrospective descriptive case series study was conducted in patients treated at the postgraduate course in endodontics at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador. Treatments included chamber access, biomechanical instrumentation, irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, use of intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide in indicated cases, and filling with gutta-percha and sealant cement. In specific situations, retreatments, management of accessory canals, instrumentation of complex anatomies, and use of bioactive materials were performed. Clinical and radiographic follow-up allowed the evolution of periapical lesions to be assessed. Results: the results using quantifiable parameters showed that most cases presented resolution of clinical symptoms and signs of periapical bone repair. Factors such as the location of unidentified ducts, adequate management of complications, and effective disinfection positively influenced the prognosis. However, bacterial persistence and anatomical complexity were associated with unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: concluding that the success of endodontic treatment requires a comprehensive approach based on accurate diagnosis, anatomical knowledge, adequate protocols, and long-term clinical/radiographic follow-up. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Endodontics. Article type: case study.

Apical surgery in a tooth with root perforation: therapeutic approach and clinical results. A case report

2026-05-15T15:15:11+00:00

Introduction: Root perforations represent one of the most challenging complications in endodontics, especially when located in the middle or cervical third, where the prognosis tends to be guarded. The incorporation of bioceramic materials significantly improves the success rate in sealing perforations, thanks to their biocompatibility and ability to induce tissue repair. Objective: To present the clinical and microsurgical management of a buccal and distal root perforation in tooth 2.1, previously treated, as well as its clinical and radiographic evolution at six months. Materials and methods: Endodontic retreatment was performed using a vertical compaction technique, followed by apical microsurgery for perforation sealing with Biodentine® (Septodont, France). Retrograde preparation was performed with NSK ProUltra® ED45 ultrasonic tips (NSK America Corp., USA). Clinical, radiographic, and tomographic findings were documented, and follow-up examinations were performed at 15 days, 1 month, and 6 months. Results: The patient recovered well, without pain or inflammation. Percussion and palpation tests were negative, and the follow-up tomography scan showed a significant reduction in the periapical lesion and reparative bone formation. Conclusions: Although multiple root perforations present a guarded prognosis, the application of microsurgical techniques and bioceramic materials allowed for the preservation of the tooth and the achievement of a satisfactory functional and aesthetic repair. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Endodontics. Type of study: Clinical case.

Digital planning and 3D surgical guide in dental autotransplantation: a literature review

2026-05-18T15:56:12+00:00

Introduction. Dental autotransplantation is a biologically predictable procedure when periodontal ligament vitality is preserved and extraoral exposure time is minimized. Digital planning, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), 3D surgical guides, and three-dimensional printing have improved the accuracy and predictability of this procedure. Objective. To analyze the application of a digital workflow using CBCT, intraoral scanning, and 3D-printed surgical guides in the planning and execution of dental autotransplantation, evaluating their contribution to surgical precision and periodontal tissue preservation. Methodology. An initial literature review on digitally assisted dental autotransplantation was conducted. Subsequently, four clinical cases planned to use a digital workflow are presented, that included CBCT, intraoral scanning, and 3D-printed surgical guides in patients aged 25, 28, 31, and 33 years. Results. All procedures showed extraoral exposure times of less than one-minute, functional stability, and no signs of root resorption or ankylosis during follow-up. Conclusion. The digital workflow applied to dental autotransplantation demonstrates high efficacy across different age groups and anatomical scenarios, enhancing surgical precision, preserving the periodontal ligament, and standardizing clinical protocols. General Area of Study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Endodontics. Type of study: Case series with literature review.

Effectiveness of dosed physical exercise in patients with lumbar disc herniations

2026-05-29T15:02:59+00:00

Introduction. Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with lumbar disc herniation being a highly prevalent condition due to its impact on function and quality of life. In this context, exercise therapy was proposed as a key strategy within conservative management. Objective. To analyze the effectiveness of done physical exercise in reducing pain and improving functional capacity in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Methodology. A systematized bibliographic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was performed in scientific databases using MeSH descriptors and Boolean operators. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews published within the last five years were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results. A total of 25 studies were included, showing that therapeutic exercise—particularly multimodal programs combining strengthening, motor control, and functional exercise—leads to clinically relevant improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life; however, no conclusive evidence was found supporting the superiority of a specific type of exercise over another. Additionally, benefits were associated not only with structural changes but also with central pain modulation mechanisms. Conclusion. Appropriately dosed physical exercise is an effective intervention in the conservative management of lumbar disc herniation. Its individualized and progressive application, combined with pain neuroscience education, represents a comprehensive approach within the biopsychosocial model. Future studies are needed to standardize protocols and evaluate long-term effects. General Area of Study: Health sciences. Specific area of study: Physiotherapy and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Type of study: Systematized bibliographic review.

Applications and considerations of FRP in endodontic surgery: a literature review

2026-06-03T13:56:35+00:00

Introduction: Fibrin-rich plasma (FRP) is a biomaterial—a natural fibrous clot enriched with platelets, leukocytes, and a high concentration of endogenous growth factors. It is used in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery for bone regeneration, bone graft covering, among other applications. Objective: To characterize the efficacy and safety of FRP in endodontic surgery. Methodology: Searches were conducted on various database platforms, including Elsevier, Springer Link, and PubMed, using keywords and Boolean operators (AND and OR) to optimize results. The PRISMA 2020 model was used to screen articles based on predefined eligibility criteria. Articles were assessed for risk of bias using the ROB-2 tool for randomized trials. Results: A total of nine studies were included in this review. The total sample size was approximately 290 patients, all of whom were adults. The differences between the total sample and the control groups were negligible. Efficacy was measured using the following parameters: total hemostasis, mean pain score, changes in the root canal area, reduction in apical diameter, periradicular healing, and palatal mucosal thickness. Conclusion: Overall, the use of FRP showed superior results compared with other therapeutic methods; however, very few articles reported significant differences in the efficacy measurement parameters. Regarding adverse effects, the intervention groups experienced no complications, while complications were minimal in the control groups. General Area of Study: Odontology. Specific area of study: endodontics. Type of study: A literature review.